Research on trophy hunting in Africa shows that its impacts vary widely depending on local context. A systematic review across 24 countries found that, when properly managed, trophy hunting can deliver significant conservation and community benefits. However, outcomes depend heavily on ecological conditions, social dynamics and the strength of governance.
Strong local leadership, community involvement and science-based quota systems are essential for success. An ethnographic study in Botswana during its 2014–2019 hunting moratorium revealed that many rural communities viewed the ban negatively, citing lost income, reduced wildlife management capacity and a lack of meaningful consultation.
The findings highlight a key tension: international trophy hunting bans often overlook local needs, harming both conservation efforts and the people who live alongside wildlife. Instead of one-size-fits-all restrictions, the research supports sustainable, community-driven hunting models that respect national sovereignty and promote equitable conservation outcomes.
