This study shows that leopards favor dense vegetation, rugged terrain, and proximity to water, while avoiding areas with high human disturbance. Their abundance closely correlated with prey availability, particularly impala and warthog populations.
The findings stress the need to protect intact habitats, reduce human-wildlife conflict, and maintain strong prey bases. Conservation success depends on cross-border collaboration, coordinated law enforcement, and community involvement. Sustainable land use in buffer zones and long-term monitoring are also essential. A balanced, regional approach addressing both ecological and human dimensions is key to ensuring the long-term survival of leopards in this critical landscape.
