A commentary in Science by Katarzyna Nowak and colleagues calls for a reevaluation of trophy hunting’s role in conservation. The authors argue that claims of its benefits to biodiversity and local livelihoods lack solid empirical backing and are often based on limited or biased data. Instead of relying on trophy hunting, they advocate for investing in alternative, non-lethal conservation models such as eco-tourism and community-based management. These methods can generate revenue, protect ecosystems, and support local communities without harming wildlife. The authors stress the urgent need for comprehensive, evidence-based research to evaluate both the impacts of trophy hunting and the effectiveness of alternative approaches. Their conclusion: conservation must move beyond assumptions and be guided by science, equity, and long-term sustainability.
